In this chapter we will be able to learn and understand the key tenets of the major Knowledge Management theoretical model in use today, Link the KM frameworks to key KM concepts and the major phases of the KM cycle and explain the complex adaptive system model of KM and how it addresses the subjective and dynamic nature of content to be managed. There’re 8 KM Models which are von Krogh and Roos (1995), Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), Choo (1998), Wiig (1993), Weick (2001), Boisot (1998), Beer (1984) and Bennet and Benner (2004). The principle of KM Models is 80-20 which is 80% and 20% for tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge respectively.
In Von Krogh and Roos Model (1995) of Organisational Epistemology, which is among the first to clearly distinguish between individual knowledge and social knowledge? It’s requires a connection between:
In the real world, the most famous KM Model is Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) which is widely used.
This is because in Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) comprised of 4 stages which are Socialisation, Externalisation, Combination and Internalisation based on Figure 3.
In addition of Nonaka and Takeucho (1995) we're have also Choo (1998), Wiig (1993), Boisot (1998) and ICAS.
The Nonaka and Takeuchi model is focusing on knowledge spirals that explain the transformation of knowledge to create knowledge and the knowledge spiral shows how the organizations, articulate, organize and systematize individual tacit knowledge. In the diagram it separates into 4 part of function which can be Socialization (tacit-to-tacit), Externalization (tacit-to-explicit), Combination (explicit-to-explicit) and Internalization (explicit-to-tacit).
The Choo Sense-Making Model emphasize on how individual must make sense, or develop understanding, of the knowledge that is available in the organization and play an important role in how decisions are made within organizations.
The WIIG Modelhey are completeness, connectedness, congruency, also perspective and purpose. ‘Completeness’ refers to how much knowledge is useful from a given source. Sources can vary from human minds to knowledge bases (i.e, tactic or explicit knowledge).We first need to ascertain the knowledge out there, the knowledge may be complete if all the information available on the subject is there. ‘Connectedness’ refers to the well understood and the comprehensive relations between the different knowledge objects.
The Boisot I-space Model was developed by Max Boisot as a conceptual framework relating the degree of structure of knowledge to its diffusibility as that knowledge develops.
This results in four different types of knowledge.
In Von Krogh and Roos Model (1995) of Organisational Epistemology, which is among the first to clearly distinguish between individual knowledge and social knowledge? It’s requires a connection between:
- The knowledge and the knowledge owner
- The knowledge and the knowledge seeker
- The knowledge owner and the knowledge seeker
In the real world, the most famous KM Model is Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) which is widely used.
This is because in Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) comprised of 4 stages which are Socialisation, Externalisation, Combination and Internalisation based on Figure 3.
In addition of Nonaka and Takeucho (1995) we're have also Choo (1998), Wiig (1993), Boisot (1998) and ICAS.
The Nonaka and Takeuchi model is focusing on knowledge spirals that explain the transformation of knowledge to create knowledge and the knowledge spiral shows how the organizations, articulate, organize and systematize individual tacit knowledge. In the diagram it separates into 4 part of function which can be Socialization (tacit-to-tacit), Externalization (tacit-to-explicit), Combination (explicit-to-explicit) and Internalization (explicit-to-tacit).
The Choo Sense-Making Model emphasize on how individual must make sense, or develop understanding, of the knowledge that is available in the organization and play an important role in how decisions are made within organizations.
The WIIG Modelhey are completeness, connectedness, congruency, also perspective and purpose. ‘Completeness’ refers to how much knowledge is useful from a given source. Sources can vary from human minds to knowledge bases (i.e, tactic or explicit knowledge).We first need to ascertain the knowledge out there, the knowledge may be complete if all the information available on the subject is there. ‘Connectedness’ refers to the well understood and the comprehensive relations between the different knowledge objects.
The Boisot I-space Model was developed by Max Boisot as a conceptual framework relating the degree of structure of knowledge to its diffusibility as that knowledge develops.
This results in four different types of knowledge.
- Public knowledge, such as textbooks and newspapers, which is codified and diffused.
- Proprietary knowledge, such as patents and official secrets, which is codified but not diffused. Here barriers to diffusion have to be set up.
- Personal knowledge, such as biographical knowledge, which is neither codified nor diffused.
- Common sense – i.e. what ‘everybody knows’, which is not codified but widely diffused.
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